Main Aim(s) of the Unit

This unit will introduce students to the problems facing the commercial maritime sector and their solution through an examination of the threat(s) and the deployment of effective and comprehensive security policies, measures, procedures and systems.

Main Topics of Study

Commercial Seaports and Modes of Maritime   

• Transport      
• Commercial Seaports     
• Container Terminals      
• Bulk Cargo Terminals     
• Cruise Ship Terminals     
• Nontraditional Ports     
• Stakeholders     
• Terminal Owners     
• Terminal Operators 
• Stevedore Company
• Longshoremen     
• Intermodalism     
• Modes of Maritime Transport     
• Tankers     
• LNG Tankers     
• Chemical Tankers     
• Container Ships     
• Freighters     
• Bulkers     
• Oceangoing Tugboats     
• Cruise and Passenger Ships     

Documentation, Financial Transactions, and Business Entities in Commercial Maritime Transportation

• Purchase of Goods 
• Documents Used to Export and Import Cargo:
• BilI of Lading 
• Shipper’s Export Declaration 
• Certificate of Origin 
• Commercial Invoice 
• Insurance Certificate
• Export License
• Consular Invoice
• Inspection Certificate
• Documents Specific to Import Cargo Only: 
• Arrival Notice 
• Pro forma Invoice 
• Customs Entries Forms 
• Freight Release 
• Delivery Order 
• Duty Drawback 
• Bank Draft 
• Letter of Credit
• Business Entities in Commercial Maritime Transportation 

International Maritime Security Regulation and Programmes

• Objectives
• Introduction
• The ISPS Code
• Amendments to SOLAS
• WCO’s Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade 

Vulnerabilities in the Cargo Supply Chain 

• Vulnerabilities and Their Potential Impact 
• Recommended Security Practices at the Production/Loading Phase 
• Recommended Security Practices at the Export Phase 
• Carriers and Seaports 
• Recommended Security Practices at the Importation/Distribution Phase 
• Ports of Entry and Importers 
• Special Vulnerabilities in the Maritime Environment 
• Cargo Theft 
• Internal Conspiracies and Techniques Used to Circumvent Security 
• Container Seals 
• “Red Flags” of Possible Criminal/Terrorist Surveillance 

Plagues of the Seas: Piracy and Stowaways 

• Definition and Historical Beginnings
• Highlights of Recent Cases of Piracy 
• Trends in Piracy
• The Linkage Between Piracy, Organized Crime, and Terrorism 
• Stowaways.
• The Motivation of the Stowaway 
• Techniques and Tactics used by Stoways 

Drug Smuggling via Maritime Cargo, Containers and Vessels

• Illegal Drug Origins and Production
• Maritime Smuggling Routes and Trends 
• Drug Smuggling Methods and Techniques 

Terrorism and Commercial Maritime Transportation 

• Review of the History of Terrorism 
• Current Trends in Terrorism 
• Types of Weapons Utilized
• Explosives 
• Small Arms and Infantry Weapons 
• Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) 
• Terrorist Targeting of Ships and Ports 
• Use of Ships, Cargo, and Containers to Transport
• Terrorists and Materials 

Strategic Blueprint for World-Class Seaport  

• External Security Ring       
• Intelligence Operations      
• Government and Law Enforcement Liaison     
• Perimeter Security Ring      
• Inner Security Ring       
• Site and Asset-Specific Security Rings      
• Vessel Security Ring      
• Key Vessel Security Procedures       
• Pre departure Search for Contraband and Unauthorized Persons  
• Security Personnel Employment and Training   
• Pre-Employment Screening   
• Basic Security Training   
• Security Officer Equipment    
• Port Security Director   
• Port Facility Security Plan

Port Security Management     

• The Port Security Director    
• The Systems Approach, ISO Certifications, Strategic    
• Planning, and Metric Management   
• A Multi organisational Approach Toward Port Security    
• The Importance of Comprehensive Job Descriptions   
• Planning and Conducting Security-Related Training    
• Intelligence and its Role in Maritime Security
• Risk Management and Port Security  
• Contingency Planning    
• The Incident Command System (ICS) and the National    
• Incidents Management System (NIMS)     
• Testing Training and Planning Through Exercises and Drills    

 Threat Mitigation Strategies       

•  Mitigating Pirate Attacks    
• Hostage Survival and Rescue   
• Cargo Container Inspection Techniques   
• Security Equipment, systems, and Devices Used to Detect Contraband and Unauthorized Persons in a Container

Information Security and Assurance

• History of Information Security   
• The Information Security Function in a Maritime Company   
• Key Concepts in the Field of Information Security     
• Essential Infosec Objectives   
• Levels of Computer Security   
• Common Vulnerabilities in the Electronic Commerce Environment    
• Human Threats to Information Security   
• Technical Risks      

Learning Outcomes for the Unit

Upon successful completion of the course students will be able to:

1. Explain the importance of designing, implementing and managing effective port and vessel security programmes in a high risk environment 
2. Understand the difficulties and risks of the cargo supply chain
3. Analyse the risk associated with piracy, stowaways, drug smuggling and terrorism
4. Understand the importance of Port Security Management, mitigation strategies and informal security 
5. Recommend measures to improve security and safety of cargoes, equipment, personnel, and vessels

Learning and teaching methods/strategies used to enable the achievement of learning outcomes:

Learning takes place on a number of levels through lectures, class discussion including problem review and analysis.  Formal lectures provide a foundation of information on which the student builds through directed learning and self managed learning outside of the class.  The students are actively encouraged to form study groups to discuss course material which fosters a greater depth learning experience.

Assessment methods which enable student to demonstrate the learning outcomes for the Unit:

Examination                100%

Indicative Reading for this Unit:

Main Text:

Maritime Security, M. McNicholas  ( Butterworth Heinemann )

 

Alternative Text and further reading:  

Maritime Security, S.Jones (Nautical Institute)

Safety Management, Prof.C.Kuo (Nautical Institute)

Guideline for Teaching and learning time (10 hours per credit)

50 hours Lectures / Seminars / Tutorials / Workshops:
Tutorial support includes feedback on assignments and may vary by college according to local needs and wishes.

50 hours Directed learning:
Advance reading and preparation / Class preparation / Background reading / Group study / Portfolio / Diary etc

100 hours Self managed learning:
Working through the course text and completing assignments as required will take up the bulk of the learning time. In addition students are expected to engage with the tutor and other students and to undertake further reading using the web and/or libraries.